Selasa, 22 November 2022
Sabtu, 19 Desember 2009
What is Art?
art (noun)
1: the product of human creativity; works of art collectively;
2: the creation of beautiful things or important things;
3: a key skill gained by learning from the experience of study and practice and observation.
Important keywords from the above definition are: human creativity, the main skills, learn from the experience of study and practice and observation.
"The experience taught me several things. One of them is to listen to your instincts, no matter how well count on the paper. The second is that you are generally more secure by following what you know. And the third is that sometimes your best investments are investments that you do not do. "- Donald Trump
In my opinion, for most cases you will encounter or have you experienced in the business world, there is no "panacea" for the diagnosis of even very similar to the previous case. That does not mean that there is no scientific method can be used to reply to find appropriate solutions. That sometimes, the variables are too many and too unexpected to find a solution that takes the "art", which comes from the ability notabee you've learned from study, experience (practice and observation).
Yes, you may have learned a lot while learning the business case to get an MBA or MM. Yes, you may have experienced some cases in the businesses you work earlier or current. But that is no guarantee that you already know the solution to every problem in the business world.
"In the 1990s certainly did not like in the 1980s." - Donald Trump
One of my professors said, "in the business world, in fact there is no 'right' or 'wrong', it was only a matter of perspective, as long as you can finish the work given to you, then you need to do next is to convince top management that you has taken actions that accountability for completing your work. "
"Good management is the art of making problems so interesting and solutions so constructive that everyone wants to work for it and deal with this problem. - Paul Hawken
Well, this is an interesting statement, and in my opinion, "art" is to convince other people that you have acted properly and for you to defend your actions. During the work has been done and the task has been achieved, then you can analyze your previous action if action is efficient, effective or not, so you can improve on the next task in the future. In fact, all that is important for companies in the form of a quantitative nature of money, is how much money you save or how much money has been wasted in the process.
Mary Parker Follett (1868-1933) defines management as "the art of getting things / get things done by empowering the people".
Basic management functions: planning (planning), organizing (setting), Leading / Motivating (leadership / motivational), and controlling (control).
One of the tasks in the planning function is to shape the vision and mission for your business. This requires foresight and creativity to create something from scratch, that's creativity. Leading and motivating leadership also requires art, the art of negotiation.
"Leadership: the art of encouraging others to do what you want because he wants to do it." - Dwight D. Eisenhower
There are so many aspects of the basic functions of management can be categorized as art, but I did not argue that the need also for the scientific method to solve all this. Mathematics in the organization, statistical methods in control, the psychology of leading and motivating, and much more.
1: the product of human creativity; works of art collectively;
2: the creation of beautiful things or important things;
3: a key skill gained by learning from the experience of study and practice and observation.
Important keywords from the above definition are: human creativity, the main skills, learn from the experience of study and practice and observation.
"The experience taught me several things. One of them is to listen to your instincts, no matter how well count on the paper. The second is that you are generally more secure by following what you know. And the third is that sometimes your best investments are investments that you do not do. "- Donald Trump
In my opinion, for most cases you will encounter or have you experienced in the business world, there is no "panacea" for the diagnosis of even very similar to the previous case. That does not mean that there is no scientific method can be used to reply to find appropriate solutions. That sometimes, the variables are too many and too unexpected to find a solution that takes the "art", which comes from the ability notabee you've learned from study, experience (practice and observation).
Yes, you may have learned a lot while learning the business case to get an MBA or MM. Yes, you may have experienced some cases in the businesses you work earlier or current. But that is no guarantee that you already know the solution to every problem in the business world.
"In the 1990s certainly did not like in the 1980s." - Donald Trump
One of my professors said, "in the business world, in fact there is no 'right' or 'wrong', it was only a matter of perspective, as long as you can finish the work given to you, then you need to do next is to convince top management that you has taken actions that accountability for completing your work. "
"Good management is the art of making problems so interesting and solutions so constructive that everyone wants to work for it and deal with this problem. - Paul Hawken
Well, this is an interesting statement, and in my opinion, "art" is to convince other people that you have acted properly and for you to defend your actions. During the work has been done and the task has been achieved, then you can analyze your previous action if action is efficient, effective or not, so you can improve on the next task in the future. In fact, all that is important for companies in the form of a quantitative nature of money, is how much money you save or how much money has been wasted in the process.
Mary Parker Follett (1868-1933) defines management as "the art of getting things / get things done by empowering the people".
Basic management functions: planning (planning), organizing (setting), Leading / Motivating (leadership / motivational), and controlling (control).
One of the tasks in the planning function is to shape the vision and mission for your business. This requires foresight and creativity to create something from scratch, that's creativity. Leading and motivating leadership also requires art, the art of negotiation.
"Leadership: the art of encouraging others to do what you want because he wants to do it." - Dwight D. Eisenhower
There are so many aspects of the basic functions of management can be categorized as art, but I did not argue that the need also for the scientific method to solve all this. Mathematics in the organization, statistical methods in control, the psychology of leading and motivating, and much more.
Management functions
Management functions are the basic elements that will always be there and clung to the management process that will be a reference by the managers in carrying out activities to achieve goals. Management function was first introduced by a French industrialist named Henry Fayol in the early 20th century. At that time, he mentioned the five functions of management, namely designing, organizing, commanding, mengordinasi, and control. But this time, the five functions have been summarized into four, namely:
- Planning (planning) is to figure out what to do with the resources they own. Planning carried out to determine the overall corporate objectives and how best to meet that goal. Managers evaluate various alternative plans before taking action and then see whether the chosen plan fits and can be used to meet company objectives. Planning is the most important process of all management functions because without planning, other functions can not walk.
- Organizing (organizing) is done with the aim of dividing a large activities into the activities of smaller ones. Managers in the organization make it easier to supervise and determine who needed to carry out tasks that have divided them. Organizing can be done by determining what tasks to do, who to do it, how these tasks are grouped, who is responsible for these tasks, at which level decisions should be taken.
- Directing (directing) is an action for ensuring that all members of the group trying to achieve objectives consistent with the managerial planning and organizational efforts. So actuating means is moving the people to want to work with full awareness of its own or jointly to achieve the desired objectives effectively. In this case what is needed is leadership (leadership).
- Evaluating (Evaluating) is the process of supervision and control of the company's performance to ensure that the running of the company in accordance with a predetermined plan. A manager is required to find the problems that exist in the company's operations, and then solve it before the problem becomes larger.
Definition Library
In the Indonesian language, the technical term "library" (derived from the Sanskrit literature) means that books, books. In English, the reader would know the term library (derived from the Latin word liber, or Libri) means the book. From the Latin word was formed librarus term which means about books. Bibliotheek in Dutch, German Bibliothek, France bibliothrquo, Bibliotheca Spain, and Portugal Bibliotheca. All of the term (derived from the Greek biblia) means about books, books.
Of the terms above obtained limit is a collection of library books, manuskripsi and other library materials that are used for the purposes of study or reading, comfort or pleasure (Webster's Third Edition International Dictionary, 1961).
Draft Script Definition:
Definitions of Various Sources:
Of the terms above obtained limit is a collection of library books, manuskripsi and other library materials that are used for the purposes of study or reading, comfort or pleasure (Webster's Third Edition International Dictionary, 1961).
Draft Script Definition:
- Library is to collect printed and recorded knowledge, specific ways to manage it to meet the intellectual needs of its users through a variety of ways of interaction of knowledge. (Initial Draft Manuscript Library No. 43 2007)
- Library is a collection of institutions managing paper, printed and recorded, professionally with a standard system to meet the intellectual needs of its users for educational purposes, research, conservation, information, and recreation for the nation's intellectual life. (Revision No. 1 Draft Library 43 2007)
- Library is a collection of institutions managing the paper, printing works, and recorded works, a professional with a standard system to meet the intellectual needs of its users for educational purposes, research, conservation, information, and recreation for the nation's intellectual life. (Amendment No. 2 Bill Library 43 2007)
- The Library is a collection of institutions managing the paper, printing works, and / or work in a professional recording with a standard system to meet the needs of education, research, conservation, information, and recreation of the pemustaka. (Law Library No. 43 2007)
Definitions of Various Sources:
- library is a collection of printed materials and media and noncetak or sources of information in computer systematically arranged for use users. (International Federation of Library Association and Institutions)
- Library: 1) the place, building, space provided for the maintenance and utilization of a collection of books, etc.. 2) a collection of books, magazines and other library materials are stored to be read, studied, discussed. (Great Dictionary of Indonesian, 2002)
- Harold's Librarians' Glossary 8th edition, 1995 provides several meanings: 1) a collection of books or other materials stored for reading, learning, and consultations; 2) places, buildings, spaces reserved for the collection of books, etc..; 3) a number of books published by publishers with a comprehensive title and usually have special characteristics such as subject, how binding, or typography; 4) collection of movies, photos and non-book media including tapes, discs, tapes or computer disks, and programs; 5) (use specialized in computer programming) collection of programs or commands that are routinely used in the computation process.
- Library is the institution / agency paper collection manager, print and / or recorded as a source of information science, technology and art, organized and arranged according to the standard system and utilized for educational purposes, research, information, and recreation for the community. (Dr. Sukarman)
- Library means a room or building used for storing books and other publications which are usually stored under a particular scheme that used the reader is not for sale (Sulistyo, Basuki; 1991).
- The Library is a unit of work place to keep library collections are systematically arranged and can be used by the user as a source of information. (Sugiyanto)
- The Library is a facility or a facility providing reading materials. The purpose of the library itself, especially the college library is to provide information services for learning, research, and community service in order to implement Tri Dharma University (Wiranto et al, 1997).
Information and Science
DEFINITION INFORMATION
information is data that has been processed into a form that is important for the recipient and has a real value that can be felt in the decisions that now or decisions that will come. (Gordon B. Davis, Management Information System: Conceptual Foundation, Structure , and Development, McGraw-Hill International Book Company, etc. Aucklland., 1974, page 32. Bruch and Strater, Information Systems: Theory and Practice, Hamilton Publishing Company, Santa Barbara, California, 1974, page 23)
information is important data that provide useful knowledge. (George R. Terry, Ph.D., Office Management and Control, Fourth Edition, Richard D. Irwin Inc.., Homewood, Ilinois, 1962, page 21).
Information is a result of processing the data in aggregate form to produce knowledge or ability.
Information is something that can increase knowledge recipients if
constructed from the data appropriate to the problems faced.
information is the collection or processing of data to provide knowledge or information.
(Burch and Strater "Information Systems: Theory and Practice": 1974)
Information is data that has been processed into a form that has meaning for the recipient and may be a fact, a useful value. So there is a process of transformation into an information data input == - process - output. (Copyright © 2009 Willis's Site.)
Information is one of the main types of resources available to managers. (Raymond Mcleod (2001:4)
Information is data that has been classified or treated or diinterprestasi for use in decision making "(Tata Sutabri (2005:23).
Information is the whole meaning of which support the mandate, especially visible in parts of the mandate. (Dictionary of Linguistics, Harimukti Kridalaksana, PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta).
Information is conveyed in a statement about something, the degree of suspicion ketakter or elements which can not be predicted. (Encyclopedia, languages Dunia.Amir F Hidayat; Elis N Rahmani AR. Bandung: Pustaka Grafika, 2006.)
Information is degree of alleged character, elements which can be predicted taka. (Encyclopedia of Literature Indonesia, Hasanudin WAS, Prof.. Dr. M. Hum, Bandung Titian Sciences, 2004)
Information is the message / information in the form of a voice signal / cahayayang in certain ways is acceptable goal, namely the recipient of living beings dapatberupa / machine. (National Encyclopedia Indonesia, PT Delta Pamungkas, Jakarta 2004, vol 7)
The information comes from the Latin, informatio, teaching, education, feedback, ideas, understanding, mind, (1) communication or capture of knowledge, (2) knowledge obtained from investigation, study. (dictionary term. Prof.. Komarudin. Bumi Aksara, 2000).
Information: Notice of information materials that have not processed the news. (General Dictionary; Special Legal Affairs & Politics. H Zainul Bahri, SH. Penerbit Angkasa Bandung, 1996).
SCIENCE DEFINITION
Science comes from the Arabic, in Arabic the word scholar is plural of 'alim, meaning that they have knowledge, or who knows. In the Latin science, really understood, pngertian know. (Dictionary of terms, Prof Komaruddin, Earth script. 2000)
Science is knowledge of a regularly arranged bidangyang that can explain something scientifically; knowledge / skills.
Science is knowledge which must be obtained from the experience and understanding of self, the ideas that refer to the object or objects the same nature and logically interrelated. (Dictionary of Science, Save M Dagun. Nusantara Cultural Studies Institute (LPKN) 1997, Jakarta).
Knowledge of science is a field in the bersistem compiled, according to certain methods that can be used to explain certain phenomena in the field (knowledge) is. (Encyclopedia of Literature Indonesia, Hasanudin WAS, Prof.. Dr. M. Hum, Bandung Titian Sciences, 2004).
Knowledge
- Knowledge According Aristotes: The results of the application of human reason in the three groups of natural Ked-theoretical knowledge (knowledge which attempted to self-interest, such as knowledge Metaphysics, Physics and Mathematics)
- Knowledge according to Descartes: a collection of self-understanding of man can be called knowledge when they have certain characteristics, objectively real, and there is no doubt necessarily obtained through a deductive process.
- Knowledge according to Hume: Knowledge comes from the impression, that the contents of consciousness are necessarily, sensory and perceptual as well as of ideas, namely imitation of impressions that still linger in the memory and imagination.
- Knowledge according to Kant: Knowledge related to pengalamn, but not all berasala from there, pengalamn will be pengatahuan if appropriate eegang fundamental structure of mind. Make a priori knowledge can be understood penglaman, objective structured and unimaginative.
- Knowledge in Locke's view: Knowledge is the perception of single ideas are complex and sailor who lasted between them.
- Knowledge according to Mill: Knowledge is the product of inductive inference-mathematics of materials / objects that act as eksisitensi phenomenal existence.
- Knowledge according to Plato: Knowledge of nature is divided into non-natural (ideal Knowledge transcendent eternal, unchanging, perfect, reason catches). Nature and the Natural (regular particular knowledge that is temporal, changing, unstable, can not be understood, not sure, catches the senses).
(Dictionary of Science, Save M Dagun. Nusantara Cultural Studies Institute (LPKN) 1997, Jakarta).
Knowledge: 1. memory, consciousness, awareness, understanding, pengertin, recognition; 2 knowledge, skills, intelligence, skill; edict, (ark) makrifat, Muamalat (ar); views, insights. (Thesaurus Indonesian, Eko Endarmoko,. Penerbit PT Gramedia Pustaka main. Jakarta 2006.
Knowledge: is the actual penglamn stored in the human consciousness. (dictionary term. Prof.. Komarudin. Bumi Aksara, 2000).
Science is a systematic set of propositions contained in the statement - a statement true to the essential feature which is general, rational, objective, verifiable capable (objective verification), and could become public (Communality, The Liang Gie, 1991).
Science is organized knowledge in a systematic and step - step in the achievement of accountability - accountability in theory (C, Verhaak).
A science of human activities which result is a collection of theories, methods and practices and the institutions in society (J. Haberer 1972)
A science institutions or methods of forming beliefs about the universe and human beings. (JD Bernal in 1977)
A result of Sciences of human activities that have meaning and metode.1977 -1992. (E. Cantote 1977)
Knowledge is the perfections of science are Purely practical, the practical objective the objective, ie independent of character and interests of the operator, measurable, recordable and repeatable. (E. F. Schumacher)
Knowledge Like the fields of physics, sciences are part of the organization of the universe and are influenced by the fast-forces of space. (Prof. Burr)
Science is a collection of true knowledge, has the object and purpose with the system, met ode to develop and apply the universal truth that can be tested. (Cambridge-Dictionary 1995)
Science is about something that made the field on a regular basis sehinggadapat menjelaskn something scientifically; 2 Knowledge skill. (Dictionary of Word of Borrowing. Surawan Martin, Penerbit PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2008).
information is data that has been processed into a form that is important for the recipient and has a real value that can be felt in the decisions that now or decisions that will come. (Gordon B. Davis, Management Information System: Conceptual Foundation, Structure , and Development, McGraw-Hill International Book Company, etc. Aucklland., 1974, page 32. Bruch and Strater, Information Systems: Theory and Practice, Hamilton Publishing Company, Santa Barbara, California, 1974, page 23)
information is important data that provide useful knowledge. (George R. Terry, Ph.D., Office Management and Control, Fourth Edition, Richard D. Irwin Inc.., Homewood, Ilinois, 1962, page 21).
Information is a result of processing the data in aggregate form to produce knowledge or ability.
Information is something that can increase knowledge recipients if
constructed from the data appropriate to the problems faced.
information is the collection or processing of data to provide knowledge or information.
(Burch and Strater "Information Systems: Theory and Practice": 1974)
Information is data that has been processed into a form that has meaning for the recipient and may be a fact, a useful value. So there is a process of transformation into an information data input == - process - output. (Copyright © 2009 Willis's Site.)
Information is one of the main types of resources available to managers. (Raymond Mcleod (2001:4)
Information is data that has been classified or treated or diinterprestasi for use in decision making "(Tata Sutabri (2005:23).
Information is the whole meaning of which support the mandate, especially visible in parts of the mandate. (Dictionary of Linguistics, Harimukti Kridalaksana, PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta).
Information is conveyed in a statement about something, the degree of suspicion ketakter or elements which can not be predicted. (Encyclopedia, languages Dunia.Amir F Hidayat; Elis N Rahmani AR. Bandung: Pustaka Grafika, 2006.)
Information is degree of alleged character, elements which can be predicted taka. (Encyclopedia of Literature Indonesia, Hasanudin WAS, Prof.. Dr. M. Hum, Bandung Titian Sciences, 2004)
Information is the message / information in the form of a voice signal / cahayayang in certain ways is acceptable goal, namely the recipient of living beings dapatberupa / machine. (National Encyclopedia Indonesia, PT Delta Pamungkas, Jakarta 2004, vol 7)
The information comes from the Latin, informatio, teaching, education, feedback, ideas, understanding, mind, (1) communication or capture of knowledge, (2) knowledge obtained from investigation, study. (dictionary term. Prof.. Komarudin. Bumi Aksara, 2000).
Information: Notice of information materials that have not processed the news. (General Dictionary; Special Legal Affairs & Politics. H Zainul Bahri, SH. Penerbit Angkasa Bandung, 1996).
SCIENCE DEFINITION
Science comes from the Arabic, in Arabic the word scholar is plural of 'alim, meaning that they have knowledge, or who knows. In the Latin science, really understood, pngertian know. (Dictionary of terms, Prof Komaruddin, Earth script. 2000)
Science is knowledge of a regularly arranged bidangyang that can explain something scientifically; knowledge / skills.
Science is knowledge which must be obtained from the experience and understanding of self, the ideas that refer to the object or objects the same nature and logically interrelated. (Dictionary of Science, Save M Dagun. Nusantara Cultural Studies Institute (LPKN) 1997, Jakarta).
Knowledge of science is a field in the bersistem compiled, according to certain methods that can be used to explain certain phenomena in the field (knowledge) is. (Encyclopedia of Literature Indonesia, Hasanudin WAS, Prof.. Dr. M. Hum, Bandung Titian Sciences, 2004).
Knowledge
- Knowledge According Aristotes: The results of the application of human reason in the three groups of natural Ked-theoretical knowledge (knowledge which attempted to self-interest, such as knowledge Metaphysics, Physics and Mathematics)
- Knowledge according to Descartes: a collection of self-understanding of man can be called knowledge when they have certain characteristics, objectively real, and there is no doubt necessarily obtained through a deductive process.
- Knowledge according to Hume: Knowledge comes from the impression, that the contents of consciousness are necessarily, sensory and perceptual as well as of ideas, namely imitation of impressions that still linger in the memory and imagination.
- Knowledge according to Kant: Knowledge related to pengalamn, but not all berasala from there, pengalamn will be pengatahuan if appropriate eegang fundamental structure of mind. Make a priori knowledge can be understood penglaman, objective structured and unimaginative.
- Knowledge in Locke's view: Knowledge is the perception of single ideas are complex and sailor who lasted between them.
- Knowledge according to Mill: Knowledge is the product of inductive inference-mathematics of materials / objects that act as eksisitensi phenomenal existence.
- Knowledge according to Plato: Knowledge of nature is divided into non-natural (ideal Knowledge transcendent eternal, unchanging, perfect, reason catches). Nature and the Natural (regular particular knowledge that is temporal, changing, unstable, can not be understood, not sure, catches the senses).
(Dictionary of Science, Save M Dagun. Nusantara Cultural Studies Institute (LPKN) 1997, Jakarta).
Knowledge: 1. memory, consciousness, awareness, understanding, pengertin, recognition; 2 knowledge, skills, intelligence, skill; edict, (ark) makrifat, Muamalat (ar); views, insights. (Thesaurus Indonesian, Eko Endarmoko,. Penerbit PT Gramedia Pustaka main. Jakarta 2006.
Knowledge: is the actual penglamn stored in the human consciousness. (dictionary term. Prof.. Komarudin. Bumi Aksara, 2000).
Science is a systematic set of propositions contained in the statement - a statement true to the essential feature which is general, rational, objective, verifiable capable (objective verification), and could become public (Communality, The Liang Gie, 1991).
Science is organized knowledge in a systematic and step - step in the achievement of accountability - accountability in theory (C, Verhaak).
A science of human activities which result is a collection of theories, methods and practices and the institutions in society (J. Haberer 1972)
A science institutions or methods of forming beliefs about the universe and human beings. (JD Bernal in 1977)
A result of Sciences of human activities that have meaning and metode.1977 -1992. (E. Cantote 1977)
Knowledge is the perfections of science are Purely practical, the practical objective the objective, ie independent of character and interests of the operator, measurable, recordable and repeatable. (E. F. Schumacher)
Knowledge Like the fields of physics, sciences are part of the organization of the universe and are influenced by the fast-forces of space. (Prof. Burr)
Science is a collection of true knowledge, has the object and purpose with the system, met ode to develop and apply the universal truth that can be tested. (Cambridge-Dictionary 1995)
Science is about something that made the field on a regular basis sehinggadapat menjelaskn something scientifically; 2 Knowledge skill. (Dictionary of Word of Borrowing. Surawan Martin, Penerbit PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2008).
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